Purpose: To examine the effect of yellow color tonality of safflower based on old Iranian dye making instructions. Color resistance and stability of colored papers against light was tested to identify advantages and disadvantages of the dyeing method.Methodology and Research Design: Instructions for making yellow tonality with safflower were extracted from old Iranian texts. Three samples of the same colored restored paper were colored with safflower and dried. The samples and the control sample were exposed to light in xenon chamber at 45°C temperature and 25% relative humidity, then changes of color were measured with colorimeter and compared with the samples before exposure. Degradation of cellulose in exposure to light with photochemical reactions, the cellulose degradation rate was studied with pH Meter, FTIR. Tensile strength was measured.Findings and Conclusion: Wattman paper showed more stability than the other two samples due to the lack of additives. Also, samples colored in accordance with conventional instructions showed more color change than those colored with old instructions with regard to calorimetric parameters. Destruction of samples colored according to both instructions was negligible. Therefore, the coloring with safflower does not cause serious damages to cellulose fibers.

Contact dermatitis is an inflammatory skin disease due to contact with different substances and caused by two mechanisms: allergy and irritation. Contact dermatitis is a common skin disease and the most common occupational dermatosis. Differentiating between allergic and irritant contact dermatitis is essential in the identification of etiologic factor(s) and hence, its control and prognosis. This differentiation can be done only by patch test. Unfortunately, this simple, safe and useful test is always neglected. We review the basics of patch test, the method of performance, reading and interpretation of its results, possible side effects and results of studies done with patch test in different countries.

Producion of efficient antimicrobial drugs against to common human pathogens is one of the most important challenges in the field of medical microbiology. Continuous screening of clinical isolates and survey of antimicrobial resistance pattern is critical.Today, disk diffusion and dilution methods are known as the common antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods. Disk diffusion method does not render dependable results in determination of antimicrobial susceptibility pattern because this method is semi quantitative. MIC determination by microdilution and macrodilution techniques and recent method “E-Test”, have given interpretable results to researchers. Microdilution and macrodilution methods are also time consuming, expensive and error- prone methods. Whereas E-Test method is one of the means by which we will be able to determine susceptibility pattern of known species in low cost and short time. In this survey, constructing and printing of E-Test, coating of antibiotic on O.H.P film and quality control of constructed E-Tests were performed according to M7 A7 CLSI Standard. In this study quality of required materials for E-Test Production were suitable. Evaluation of constructed strips was performed using standard strain of staphylococcus aureus and reproducibly of results was appreciated.

In this research, several series of triarylmethane dyes containing one or more terminal methoxy substituents with a variable tertiary amino groups have been used. These dyes have been applied to different substrates by using various methods including transfer printing and then their fastness properties were measured. These dyes shows exceptionally high light fastness (6- 7) on acid modified polyacrylonitrile fibres.

Commercial thermochromic colorants, responsive to temperature changes by reversibly transitioning from colorless to colored states, had found widespread applications in various fields, including medical thermography, plastic strip thermometers, photochromic lenses, food packaging, and non-destructive testing in diverse research areas. Recent research indicates a significant increase in the use of thermochromic materials in textile printing, providing numerous capabilities for innovative commercial products. Thermochromic colorants are mostly available in the form of pigments. This study aims to investigate the color fastness of thermochromic prints on cotton fabric in the presence of three natural thickeners. The obtained data demonstrates that the printed samples exhibit good rubbing fastness. Furthermore, the wash fastness and stain resistance of the printed fabrics were measured with satisfactory results based on the gray scale. light stability was measured with a blue scale. Regarding light stability, the results indicate that commercial thermochromic colorants exhibit relatively poor light fastness to UV light exposure.

The present study investigated varieties of C-test as measures of General Language proficiency (GLP). C-test was first introduced into language testing as a modification of close procedure. The original C-test was developed by mutilating the second half of every other word, beginning from word two ID sentence two of [l passage. Through various studies, C-test proved an integrative and a highly reliable and valid measure of (GLP. The present study was also aimed at further confirming those findings by investigating not only the original C-test but other varietis of C-test. To this end ten C-test versions were developed, by applying different deletion techniques and deletion rates, and were administered among nearly 500 senior EFL students, in the way that each form was given to almost 50 subjects. All the subjects had already taken a TOEFL. and a close test prior to the administration of the C-tests. The results of data analyses showed that C:-test may measure different things one of which might be general language proficiency and as such, not all varieties of C-test measure this construct to the same extent.